diff --git a/init/mount_namespace.cpp b/init/mount_namespace.cpp
index 12144c120..0745148bd 100644
--- a/init/mount_namespace.cpp
+++ b/init/mount_namespace.cpp
@@ -91,22 +91,22 @@ static bool ActivateFlattenedApexesIfPossible() {
         return false;
     }
 
-    // Special casing for the runtime APEX
-    constexpr const char kRuntimeApexMountPath[] = "/system/apex/com.android.runtime";
-    static const std::vector<std::string> kRuntimeApexDirNames = {"com.android.runtime.release",
-                                                                  "com.android.runtime.debug"};
+    // Special casing for the ART APEX
+    constexpr const char kArtApexMountPath[] = "/system/apex/com.android.art";
+    static const std::vector<std::string> kArtApexDirNames = {"com.android.art.release",
+                                                              "com.android.art.debug"};
     bool success = false;
-    for (const auto& name : kRuntimeApexDirNames) {
+    for (const auto& name : kArtApexDirNames) {
         std::string path = std::string(kSystemApex) + "/" + name;
         if (access(path.c_str(), F_OK) == 0) {
-            if (mount(path.c_str(), kRuntimeApexMountPath, nullptr, MS_BIND, nullptr) == 0) {
+            if (mount(path.c_str(), kArtApexMountPath, nullptr, MS_BIND, nullptr) == 0) {
                 success = true;
                 break;
             }
         }
     }
     if (!success) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to bind mount the runtime APEX to " << kRuntimeApexMountPath;
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to bind mount the ART APEX to " << kArtApexMountPath;
     }
     return success;
 }
diff --git a/init/service.cpp b/init/service.cpp
index 9537843a1..7a209664e 100644
--- a/init/service.cpp
+++ b/init/service.cpp
@@ -116,9 +116,10 @@ static bool ExpandArgsAndExecv(const std::vector<std::string>& args, bool sigsto
     return execv(c_strings[0], c_strings.data()) == 0;
 }
 
-static bool IsRuntimeApexReady() {
+static bool AreRuntimeApexesReady() {
     struct stat buf;
-    return stat("/apex/com.android.runtime/", &buf) == 0;
+    return stat("/apex/com.android.art/", &buf) == 0 &&
+           stat("/apex/com.android.runtime/", &buf) == 0;
 }
 
 unsigned long Service::next_start_order_ = 1;
@@ -406,11 +407,11 @@ Result<void> Service::Start() {
         scon = *result;
     }
 
-    if (!IsRuntimeApexReady() && !pre_apexd_) {
-        // If this service is started before the runtime APEX gets available,
-        // mark it as pre-apexd one. Note that this marking is permanent. So
-        // for example, if the service is re-launched (e.g., due to crash),
-        // it is still recognized as pre-apexd... for consistency.
+    if (!AreRuntimeApexesReady() && !pre_apexd_) {
+        // If this service is started before the Runtime and ART APEXes get
+        // available, mark it as pre-apexd one. Note that this marking is
+        // permanent. So for example, if the service is re-launched (e.g., due
+        // to crash), it is still recognized as pre-apexd... for consistency.
         pre_apexd_ = true;
     }
 
diff --git a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp b/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
index 6d3c057b9..60d462f87 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
+++ b/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
@@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ android_namespace_t* FindExportedNamespace(const char* caller_location) {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((dot_index == std::string::npos),
                         "Error finding namespace of apex: no dot in apex name %s", caller_location);
     std::string name = location.substr(dot_index + 1, slash_index - dot_index - 1);
+    // TODO(b/139408016): Rename the runtime namespace to "art".
+    if (name == "art") {
+      name = "runtime";
+    }
     android_namespace_t* boot_namespace = android_get_exported_namespace(name.c_str());
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((boot_namespace == nullptr),
                         "Error finding namespace of apex: no namespace called %s", name.c_str());
diff --git a/libnativeloader/public_libraries.cpp b/libnativeloader/public_libraries.cpp
index 369436058..93df1d05a 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/public_libraries.cpp
+++ b/libnativeloader/public_libraries.cpp
@@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ constexpr const char* kVendorPublicLibrariesFile = "/vendor/etc/public.libraries
 constexpr const char* kLlndkLibrariesFile = "/system/etc/llndk.libraries.txt";
 constexpr const char* kVndkLibrariesFile = "/system/etc/vndksp.libraries.txt";
 
-const std::vector<const std::string> kRuntimePublicLibraries = {
+const std::vector<const std::string> kArtApexPublicLibraries = {
     "libicuuc.so",
     "libicui18n.so",
 };
 
-constexpr const char* kRuntimeApexLibPath = "/apex/com.android.runtime/" LIB;
+constexpr const char* kArtApexLibPath = "/apex/com.android.art/" LIB;
 
 constexpr const char* kNeuralNetworksApexPublicLibrary = "libneuralnetworks.so";
 
@@ -182,8 +182,8 @@ static std::string InitDefaultPublicLibraries(bool for_preload) {
   // For example, libicuuc.so is exposed to classloader namespace from runtime namespace.
   // Unfortunately, it does not have stable C symbols, and default namespace should only use
   // stable symbols in libandroidicu.so. http://b/120786417
-  for (const std::string& lib_name : kRuntimePublicLibraries) {
-    std::string path(kRuntimeApexLibPath);
+  for (const std::string& lib_name : kArtApexPublicLibraries) {
+    std::string path(kArtApexLibPath);
     path.append("/").append(lib_name);
 
     struct stat s;
@@ -207,9 +207,9 @@ static std::string InitDefaultPublicLibraries(bool for_preload) {
   return android::base::Join(*sonames, ':');
 }
 
-static std::string InitRuntimePublicLibraries() {
-  CHECK(sizeof(kRuntimePublicLibraries) > 0);
-  std::string list = android::base::Join(kRuntimePublicLibraries, ":");
+static std::string InitArtPublicLibraries() {
+  CHECK(sizeof(kArtApexPublicLibraries) > 0);
+  std::string list = android::base::Join(kArtApexPublicLibraries, ":");
 
   std::string additional_libs = additional_public_libraries();
   if (!additional_libs.empty()) {
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ const std::string& default_public_libraries() {
 }
 
 const std::string& runtime_public_libraries() {
-  static std::string list = InitRuntimePublicLibraries();
+  static std::string list = InitArtPublicLibraries();
   return list;
 }
 
diff --git a/rootdir/Android.mk b/rootdir/Android.mk
index 455905048..2fa110b0e 100644
--- a/rootdir/Android.mk
+++ b/rootdir/Android.mk
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ LOCAL_MODULE := ld.config.txt
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_ETC)
 
-# Start of runtime APEX compatibility.
+# Start of i18n and ART APEX compatibility.
 #
 # Meta-comment:
 # The placing of this section is somewhat arbitrary. The LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_ETC)
 # come to rely on them.
 
 # http://b/121248172 - create a link from /system/usr/icu to
-# /apex/com.android.runtime/etc/icu so that apps can find the ICU .dat file.
+# /apex/com.android.i18n/etc/icu so that apps can find the ICU .dat file.
 # A symlink can't overwrite a directory and the /system/usr/icu directory once
 # existed so the required structure must be created whatever we find.
 LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD = mkdir -p $(TARGET_OUT)/usr && rm -rf $(TARGET_OUT)/usr/icu
@@ -248,10 +248,10 @@ ART_BINARIES := \
 LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD += && mkdir -p $(TARGET_OUT)/bin
 $(foreach b,$(ART_BINARIES), \
   $(eval LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD += \
-    && ln -sf /apex/com.android.runtime/bin/$(b) $(TARGET_OUT)/bin/$(b)) \
+    && ln -sf /apex/com.android.art/bin/$(b) $(TARGET_OUT)/bin/$(b)) \
 )
 
-# End of runtime APEX compatibilty.
+# End of i18n and ART APEX compatibilty.
 
 ifeq ($(_enforce_vndk_at_runtime),true)
 
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
index f0b1fd292..e598f053f 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
@@ -85,8 +85,11 @@ namespace.runtime.isolated = true
 # android_link_namespaces in libnativeloader.
 namespace.runtime.visible = true
 
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+# TODO(b/139408016): Split the namespaces for the ART and Runtime APEXes
+namespace.runtime.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
 namespace.runtime.links = default
 # Need allow_all_shared_libs because libart.so can dlopen oat files in
 # /system/framework and /data.
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
index a603be2a0..c8c6387e2 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
@@ -166,8 +166,11 @@ namespace.runtime.isolated = true
 # android_link_namespaces in libnativeloader.
 namespace.runtime.visible = true
 
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+# TODO(b/139408016): Split the namespaces for the ART and Runtime APEXes
+namespace.runtime.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
 namespace.runtime.links = default
 # Need allow_all_shared_libs because libart.so can dlopen oat files in
 # /system/framework and /data.
@@ -488,8 +491,11 @@ namespace.default.link.neuralnetworks.shared_libs = libneuralnetworks.so
 ###############################################################################
 namespace.runtime.isolated = true
 
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+# TODO(b/139408016): Split the namespaces for the ART and Runtime APEXes
+namespace.runtime.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
 namespace.runtime.links = system
 # TODO(b/130340935): Use a dynamically created linker namespace similar to
 # classloader-namespace for oat files, and tighten this up.
@@ -695,8 +701,11 @@ namespace.runtime.isolated = true
 # android_link_namespaces in libnativeloader.
 namespace.runtime.visible = true
 
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+# TODO(b/139408016): Split the namespaces for the ART and Runtime APEXes
+namespace.runtime.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
 namespace.runtime.links = default
 # TODO(b/130340935): Use a dynamically created linker namespace similar to
 # classloader-namespace for oat files, and tighten this up.
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
index 2e213ec5d..4beabd675 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
@@ -105,8 +105,11 @@ namespace.runtime.isolated = true
 # android_link_namespaces in libnativeloader.
 namespace.runtime.visible = true
 
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+# TODO(b/139408016): Split the namespaces for the ART and Runtime APEXes
+namespace.runtime.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
 namespace.runtime.links = default
 # Need allow_all_shared_libs because libart.so can dlopen oat files in
 # /system/framework and /data.
@@ -419,8 +422,11 @@ namespace.default.link.neuralnetworks.shared_libs = libneuralnetworks.so
 ###############################################################################
 namespace.runtime.isolated = true
 
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+# TODO(b/139408016): Split the namespaces for the ART and Runtime APEXes
+namespace.runtime.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
 namespace.runtime.links = default
 # TODO(b/130340935): Use a dynamically created linker namespace similar to
 # classloader-namespace for oat files, and tighten this up.
@@ -503,8 +509,11 @@ namespace.runtime.isolated = true
 # android_link_namespaces in libnativeloader.
 namespace.runtime.visible = true
 
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+# TODO(b/139408016): Split the namespaces for the ART and Runtime APEXes
+namespace.runtime.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths  = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
 namespace.runtime.links = default
 # TODO(b/130340935): Use a dynamically created linker namespace similar to
 # classloader-namespace for oat files, and tighten this up.
diff --git a/rootdir/init.environ.rc.in b/rootdir/init.environ.rc.in
index 93b7f43f0..17f65960d 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.environ.rc.in
+++ b/rootdir/init.environ.rc.in
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ on early-init
     export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app
     export ANDROID_DATA /data
     export ANDROID_STORAGE /storage
-    export ANDROID_RUNTIME_ROOT /apex/com.android.runtime
+    export ANDROID_RUNTIME_ROOT /apex/com.android.art
     export ANDROID_I18N_ROOT /apex/com.android.i18n
     export ANDROID_TZDATA_ROOT /apex/com.android.tzdata
     export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard